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G20

2022 DEC 1

Preliminary   > International Relations   >   Strategic Groupings   >   International groupings

Why in news?

  • On December 1, 2022, India commenced its G20 Presidency.

About G20:

  • The Group of twenty, or the G20, is the premier forum for international economic cooperation. It is formally known as “Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy”.
  • Collectively, G20 members account for more than 80% of world GDP, 75% of global trade and 60% of the population of the planet.

History:

  • Established in 1999 at the level of Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, the G20 gathered for high-level discussions on macro-financial issues.
  • In the wake of the 2008 global financial crisis, the G20 membership and agenda were expanded beyond macro-financial issues, to include socio-economic and development issues.

Members:

Functioning:

  • The G20 does not have a permanent secretariat.
  • Its agenda and activities are established by the rotating Presidencies, in cooperation with the membership.
  • The G20 hold summits annually. At the Summit, the leaders issue a declaration, or communiqué, based on policy discussions
  • The 2022 meeting is hosted by India.
  • At the government level, the G20 work is organized around the Finance and Sherpa Tracks, while civil society assembles through Engagement Groups.
    • The Finance Track: meetings of G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors which focus on fiscal and monetary policy issues such as the global economy, infrastructure, financial regulation and international taxation.
    • The Sherpa Track: meetings of Ministers and relevant senior officials, which focus on socioeconomic issues such as agriculture, anti-corruption, climate, digital economy, education, employment, energy, environment, health, tourism, trade and investment.
    • Engagement Groups: The group actively engages itself with various groups such as the Business 20, Youth 20, Labour 20, Think 20, Civil 20, Women 20, Science 20, and Urban 20.
  • In addition to the Summit, ministerial meetings, Sherpa meetings, working groups and special events are organized throughout the year.

Presidency & Troika:

  • The presidency of the G20 rotates between member countries every year. The presidency plays a leading role in setting the agenda and organizing the Leaders’ Summit.
  • When a new country assumes the presidency, it works hand-in-hand with the previous presidency and the next presidency. This arrangement is known as the troika.
  • This ensures continuity in the group’s agenda.

PRACTICE QUESTION

Which of the following countries is not a member of G20?

(a) South Africa

(b) Saudi Arabia

(c) New Zealand

(d) South Korea

                 C

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